Multiple-ply paper



Jan. 14, 1936. E. a. r-'lsH MULTIPLE PLY PAPER Original Filed Nov. 1, 1921 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR, 52m: /'s/l.

Mv@ ATTORNEYS,

aan. 14, 193e. 'E B, SH Re. 19,821

Y MULTIPLE FLY PAPER Original Filed Nov. l, 1921 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 37 26N 25 l 2l Z6 O 28E o /8 O s l p /7 Q l 35 26 T1 z A g a ,f 1 g c i y i 1 V 4 I- 3 .x8

' f INVENTOR. .Ez/ea .5. T7/6H.

BY MHG/w ATTORNEY.S

Reissued Jan. 14, 1936 Re.v 19,821

assignments, to The Company, Middletown,

Ohio

Interstate Folding Box Ohio, va corporationK of Original application November l, 1921, Serial No. 512,148. Divided and application May2, 1923, Serial No. 636.198, Patent No. 1,552,286', dated September 1, 1925. This application for reissue September 12, 1935, Serial No. 40,349

lClaimS.

The present invention has for its object to provide a multiple-ply paper wherein the plies or layers are permanently and inseparably .united y to forma substantially homogeneous unitary structure, the paper being particularly suitable for use for photographic purposes, having outer plies or layers on its opposite sides which may be white or of other suitable color and adapted to receive the sensitized emulsions and an interand the sheet will always remain opaque.

The invention will be described in connection' with the accompanying drawings which disclose the structure of the paper in its preferred form and suitable for photographic purposes, and an example ofl an apparatus suitable for use in manufacture of such paper.

In these drawingsz-j y i Figure 1 represents a side elevation of the majorportion of a paper making machine capable of use in manufacturing multiple-ply paper emb odying the present invention; f

Figure 1 isfa .side elevation of the right hand end of the machine shownfin Figure' 1;

Figure 2 is atop plan view of a portion of the machine showing one of the devices for shaking the web-forming wires of the machine. and,

Figure 3 represents ona greatly enlarged scale a section through asheet of photographic paper made in accordance with the presentinvention.

Similar parts are designated by the same' reference characters in the different views.

The invention comprehends multiple-ply paper of different kinds. and adapted for various 4uses where a strong and tough paper is required or desirable, the plies of the paper being united intimately and permanently without the use of a paste or other adhesive. Multiple-ply paper suitable for various purposes may be provided inexpensively, such for example, as paper sheets having a relatively coarse or inexpensive quality of nbre forming the intermediate body and higher quality of iibre for the outer or facing layers.. The invention is particularly applicableto photographic paper having both sides thereof sensi;

mediate light intercepting ply or layer which is' the tized, such paper, according ytothe present invention having an intermediate ply or body of an opaque or light-intercepting character and outer plies or facings of a nature suitable to receive the sensitized photographic emulsions, the 5 different plies of the composite paper being so united by interlocking of the fibres thereof that separation of the plies is prevented without the w necessity of using paste or other adhesive, and

furthermore, the paper will withstand setting 10 or soaking in a developing, xing or washing bathor similar treatment without separation of the plies or jblistering of its surface.

' Figure 3 represents diagrammaticaily and on ya greatly enlarged scale, a section through a 15 double-sided photographic paper capable of lieing produced by the method and apparatus hereinafter described, a and c represent the outer layers produced by the webs formed in the umts A ,and C, theselouter layers being white, while 2G b represents the interposed, opaque layer produced by the web formed in the unit B. :r and l y represent sensitized emulsions or coatings applied to the outer faces of theouter layers a and c.

.'I'he apparatus shown in the accompanying drawings is capablev of making a sheet of strong and ,tough paper made up of three plies. This apparatus, as shown,lcom prises a group of webforming units A, B and C, on which therespective plies or-layers, such as the plies o r layers a, b and c, Fig. 3, are made, a unit D on which the respective' plies or layers are brought together in superposed relation, and a unit E on which the assembledsuperposed plies or layers are united, after which the composite paper sheet or web will pass under the dandy roll, through the `couch rollf, onto the drying cylinders and otherwise treated in the manner in which ordinary paper is treated. in order to 40 produce the nal nshed paper.

, Each of the web -forming units A, B and C is similar in its general construction to the Fourdrinier machine commonly used in the manufacture of ordinary paper, each unit comprising an endless wire or foraminous apron I which passes over end pulleys or rolls 2 at a regular speed during the operation of the apparatus, the -upper stretch of this wire or apron being supported in a level at form by idler 4rolls 3.' The wire 50l travels through a suitable tank or chamber, it receiving paper pulp at one end from a trough 4 or other suitable means in a manner similar to that in which the paper pulp is supplied ordinarily 5 to the Fourdrinier machine or the usual paper making apparatus, and overow of this pulp solution from the side or longitudinal edges 0d the wire or apron is prevented by the usual deckle straps 5. A save-all box B is preferably located below 4'the upper stretch of the wire, as usual, to receive the portions of the pulp solution which pass downwardly through the wire or apron. It will be understood that in .the operation of the apparatus, the wires or aprons will be driven at a constant or deniterate of speed in relation to the rate of speed at which the pulp solution is owed onto the upper stretches of the wires and that the web produced by the draining. of the liquid portion of the solution through' the wire,

leaving the libres of thelpulp deposited on the upper surface of the upper stretch of the wire, will pass oil' from the right hand end of each wire.

vEach unit may be provided with a suction box 1 -near its web discharge end, to remove any surplus or remaining liquid i'romthe web, thus giving the web suilicient strength to proceed through theapparatus, as will be hereinafter described. Bythis arrangement, it will be understood that a separate web is produced by each oi the units A,

S B and C, these webs being delivered from these units to the unit D on which they are assembled in supel'pflsed relation 'to make up the composite or multiple-ply paper strip comprising layers such as the layers a, b and c, mg. 3. y

In order to cause interlocking .of the ilbres of the pulp solution while these fibres are being 4deposited on the wire or apron of each oi' the units A, B and C, and thus increase the strength and toughness o! the respective layers, it is preferable 40toimpartashaking actioninasubstantially 'horizontal'plane to thewire or apron of each Vof the umts A,'B and C and this shaking actionv may take place in` adirection either laterally or t .longitudinally or both laterally and longitudinally .'4'5 oi the direction of travel oi' the web. 'As shown'in the present instance, the wires oi' the units A l fand C receive a lateral shaking action while the wire or apron for the intermediate imit B receives a longitudinal shaking action. Fipr this Pufll''eL the trame l which carries one end of thegwire ,or apron and the pulley or roller 2 at the'pulpreceivingend of the unit, is supported uprights Iwhich arepivoted at Il s'o that they may shirt laterally to the requisite degree, and the opposite end ofthe frame 8 is pivoted at AIi for the same purpose. The frame ,8 ot the intermediate unit B which receives a longitudinal movement is pivotally supported by the legs 9* which permits such longitudinal movement oi' the frame l, due to the arrangement of the pivots In.,

and the end of the frame -8 toward the web-discharge end oi' this unit has a limited longitudinal movement relatively to the pin Ill. Any suitable means may beprovided for imparting the g5 shakingmovement'to the wires oi' the diilferent units. In the present instance, the trame l of the units A and C has an'upwardiy projecting extension I2 which is connected by a link i3 to a crank pin Il on a driving .wheel 45, the latter ,70 being driven continuously during the operation oi the apparatus by a belt or other suitable driving means. The frame 8 of intermediate unit B has a similar upward extension Il* which is connectedbyalink illtoacrankpin llona.

"5 driving wheel ji* which maybedriven by a belt or other suitable means during the operation ofthe apparatus. By the arrangement described, the extensions I2 on the frames' 8 oi' the units A and C will vibrate laterally to impart a transverse shaking movement of the wires o! these units,4 while the extension i2*y on the frame 8 of the intermediate unit B will be vibrated longitudinally, thus imparting longitudinal Shaking motion to the wire oi'this unit. In this manner the libres while being deposited on'the wires ot 10 the top and bottom units A and C will be arranged transversely of the direction oi' motion ot these wires, or substantially so, while the bres being deposited on the wir ot the intermediate unit B will be arranged longitudinally of the direction 15 of motion of the wire of this. unit, or substantially so, thus causing the ilbres oi' the diiIerent webs produced on the units A, B and C to be crossed and thus interlocked when these webs are assembled in superposed relation to form the composite .paper sheet.

The unit D to which the webs formed on the y units A, B and C are delivered comprises preferably an endless wire cloth or vapron I6 similar to the wire or apron commonly used on Fourdrinier machines, this wire passing over pulleys or rollers I'I and having its upper stretch supported and guided by a series of idler rollers Il. Preferably the units A, B and C are mounted one above another but oiset longitudinally, as shown in -Fig- `3a ure l, and the wire or apron ot the unit D is arranged on an incline so that its upper stretch is in close proximity to the vweb-delivery ends oi' the units A. B and C. In practice,'the wire or apron i6 will be driven regularly at a speed equal to35 or in definite relation to the4 speed o! the wires of the units A, B and C. The web produced on the lowermost unit C to make, for example, the plyn or layer c, Fig. 3, will be ldelivered 'to the upper e fried upwardly with the ascending upper stretch of the wire or apron II.d 'I'he intermediate unit B will deliver the web produced by it, to make, for example, the ply or layer b, Fig. 3, onto the upper side or the web produced on the lowermost unit C. Similarly, the paper web produced by the uppermost unit A, to make, for example, the ply or layer a, Fig. v3,'will be delivered i'romthis unit onto 'the upper Sideofthe web produced by the intermediate unit B and these three webs in superposed relation to one another will be delivered from ythe upper-end of the unit D to the unit E for further-treatment, as will be hereinafter deb'res of the composite'sheet and thusl'orm a -single unitary but composite paper sheet. l. shown, the water oriiuid injecting pipe Il will supply water or liquidto the upper surface of the web delivered by the unit C to the unit D,

prior to thesuperposing oi.' the webl from the intermediate unit B thereon and similarly the pipe 2li will supply water or' other suitable huid to the upper side of the web delivered to the unit D by the unit B. prior -to the superposing of the web from the upper unit A thereon.

unitary paper stripe This unit, as shown, comprises a table 2l overwhich the composite web delivered from the upper end of the unit D passes: and an endless wire cloth or apron 22 which is driven in unison with the wire or apron I6 and, passes over the top of the table 2| in the direction in which theweb is advancing. The wire or apron 22, as shown, passes over rolls 23 and 2lv the latter of which may be one of the couch rolls as ordinarily used in paper making machines, the other couch roll 25 being arranged above thel roll 24, as shown, these rolls being mountedin a frame 26. Means such as a perforated pipe 21 is" preferably arranged above the wire or apron 22 at or near the web-receiving end of the imit E, this pipe serving to supply water or other suitable liquid to the upper surface of the composite web made up of the web produced on the units A, B and C. A pair of vacuum boxes 28 is also preferably provided beneath the upper stretch of the wire or apron 3, these vacuum boxes serving to draw the liquid from or through the composite web resting on the wire or apron immediately above the vacuum boxes, thereby not only uniting the layers compactly but also causing an interlocking between the fibres of the different webs or layers. the unit E and particularly the web-supporting o wire thereof is preferably subjected to a shaking supplied to it by the pipeg21 action. For example, as shown, the wire unit and the related mechanism thereof carried by the frame 26 may shake or-vibrate laterally or in a direction transversely to the direction of movement of the web, owing to the pivotal an extension 30 on the frame 26 may be connected by a link 3| to the crank pin 32of a driving wheel 33, this driving wheel operating during the operation' of the apparatus toimpart a lateral or transverse shaking movement of the unit E and particularly to the web-supporting wire thereof. In'this arrangement, when used, the frame of the unit D maybe. formed in two sections 34 and 35, the upper section 35 which is adjacent to the unit E being pivoted at 38 to the lower section 3l and the upper section $5 may be conveniently carried by or attached to the frame 26 of the unit E so that the upper orA web-deliveryendof the unit D will participate in theshaking action to which the `lmit E is subjected, thus avoiding breakage of or injury to the web. The composite web, after the liquid by the forward vacuumbox 28, passes beneath roll used'in the ordinary. method of making paper, after which the web passes between the ders and may be further treated in the manner usual with ordinary paper.l

procedure, the paper webV is produced initially from pulp solution by each of the imits A, B and onto the wire of the unit D so that there 1ndividual` webs are assembled in superposed relation to Vone'another but without the application of pressmethereto. To facilitate interlocking compote web ofv '-paper. strip, water or otherA To facilitate this interlocking action,

mounting of the frame 26 at the points 29 and has been removed a dandy roll 31 which functions like the dandy couch -rolls`2l and 2land onto the drying cylin- According to the above described method of C.v lThese individual paper webs are delivered of thebres of the dierent'layers forming the of each web prior to the superposing of another web thereon. l'1"he composite web received by the unit E and while uncompressed, is united as to its constituent plies by subjecting the corn-V posite web to a suction action which withdraws 5 the liquid or duid contained by it and ,preferably an additional supply of liquid'or iiuid is flowedonto the upper surface of the composite web and this liquid also is drawn through and withdrawn from the composite web by the suc- 10 tion boxes, this latter action upon the composite web while still uncompressed causing interlockof the fibres of the dierent webs or laye after which the -composite web is subjected to the compressing laction of a dandy roll, then to the usual couch rolls and may be further treated and finished as may be desired or required.

The invention is particularly applicable to photographic paper of the kind which is sensitized on both sides thereof, as at :c and y, (Fig. 3) with an intervening opaque layer, such as b. In producing photographic paper of this kind, the procedure may be the same as that hereinbefore `described, with the exception, however, that the pulp supplied to the units A and C willl be of a kind suitable for the making of white paper layers a and c, while the pulp supplied to the intermediate unitB for -the making of the intermediate layer b will be of an opaque nature, as, for example, as may be producedk by incorporating a suitable kind and quantity of opaque or nonactinic coloring matter of a permanent nature with such pulp. In consequence, the opaque web ib produced by the unit Y B and deliv ered to the unit D will be interposed between the white paper webs a and c produced and delivered by the units A and C and as these individual webs produced by the units A, B and C are sufficiently set when delivered by their respective units to maintain substantially their structural form, .there will beV 40 no objectionable intermixing of the opaque fibres of the intermediate web b with the white fibreslv of the outer webs a and c, although the fibres of the intermediate 'and outer webs will be interlocked in the zones of their contacting faces to an extent suilicient to interlock thewebs to form a unitary structure, without requiring the use of paste or other adhesive.

` The present invention provides a multiple-ply paper which can be; manufactured on a commer- 50 cial scale and inexpensively, and will be of 'uniform'thickness and quality, and such paper can be made relatively' thin or of any desired thickness depending on the purposes' or uses to which it is to be applied, and the relative thickness of 55 its constituent plies can -be varied as desired. While the paper herein shown and described is made of th'ree plies, it is to be understood that the same may have different Vnumbers ofY plies; for*VY Y- example, in the manfacture'of photographic pa- 60 per having one side only sensitized, as for instance, photographic p ost cards. visiting cards or the lik'e, a body or backing ply may be employed in conjunction with a facing ply on one side only. the two plies, however, being united and otherwise treated as hereinbefore described.

I claim as my invention:

1. A paper sheet comprising a photographically opaque' ply and a facing ply united permanently xtherewith by interlocking of the bres of the plies. f

2. A sheet of photographic vpaper comprising an intermediate photographically opaque plv and facing pliesv on opposite sides thereof 'and united and sensitized photographic coatings applied to ically opaque Ply. and facing plies on both sides the surfaces of the facing plies. Y thereof vunited permanently therewith by inter- 3. A paper sheet comprising a photographilocking of iibres of the plies, said opaque ply cally opaque Ply, and facing plies on both sides being formed of pulp into which is incorporated 5 thereof united permanently therewith by intera non-actinic coloring matter.

locking .of hres of the plies. y y

4. A paper sheet comprising a photograph- Y l EZRA FISH. 

